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2014
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
First, we prove a fundamental theorem which describes some properties of elements of Euclidean rings. This theorem allows us to construct an infinite family of cryptosystems, among which there are cryptosystems without repetitions. This means that the encryption algorithm can encrypt any text so that all symbols after encryption are different. Therefore, methods of statistic analysis cannot be used against our cryptosystems even theoretically.