Abstract
This article assesses how the combined effects of rapid agricultural land‑use expansion and the saiga (Saiga tatarica) migrations influence Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector and evaluates sustainable land‑use solutions that reconcile production and biodiversity goals. Drawing on data from the Ministry of Ecology and field studies in the West Kazakhstan, Atyrau, and Kyzylorda regions, we quantify direct financial losses from crop damage, costs of restoring fences, irrigation and farm buildings, as well as foregone yields. Spatial analysis and statistical modeling identify three “hot” vulnerability clusters and seasonal loss dynamics (up to 60% in summer, ~16% in spring). The research spans five annual migration cycles and incorporates stakeholder consultations with farmers and conservation authorities to refine interventions. Practice-oriented measures are proposed – protected migration corridors aligned with traditional routes, farmer compensation schemes and integrated population- management strategies (scientific monitoring, local co-management, economic incentives) – to harmonize biodiversity conservation with sustainable agriculture.