Abstract
In the article the results of work on the assessment of the genetic diversity of Kazakhstani coenopopulations of a rare plant species Adonis wolgensis Stev. are presented. Samples for research were collected in five cenopopulations of Kostanay, Akmola, Pavlodar regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The genome of A. wolgensisis not sequenced, therefore, a PCR method was used to detect DNA polymorphism in coenopopulations of this species for the simultaneous detection of multilocus DNA polymorphism that did not require initial knowledge of the nucleotide sequences of the entire genome or its parts. One of the most common methods for detecting genetic polymorphism in plants is ISSR-labeling (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats, or intermicro-satellite analysis). For PCR we used five primers with a length of 17–22 nucleotides. Separate amplification was carried out with each of them. Such primers allowed to amplify DNA fragments that are between two closely spaced microsatellite sequences. As a result, a large number of fragments, represented on the electrophoregram by discrete bands (ISSR-fingerprinting), was amplified. In total, more than 450 analyzes were performed (including repeated studies). As a result, multiple genomic marking of five coenopopulations of A. wolgensisin northern Kazakhstan was carried out, the main indicators of genetic diversity, the structure and differentiation of gene pools of populations, the studied plant species were determined.