The role of exosomal hsa-miR-125b-5p and hsa-miR-320c as non-invasive biomarkers in high-radon areas of Kazakhstan

Akmaral Aripova, Assiya Kussainova, Milana Ibragimova, Olga Bulgakova, Rakhmetkazhi I. Bersimbaev

2025

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DOI 10.1080/1354750x.2025.2456007
Data confidence 85 high
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Radon, a radioactive gas, is a significant risk factor for lung cancer, especially in non-smokers. This study examines the expression of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for radon-induced effects. METHODS: A total of 109 participants from high- and low-radon areas in Kazakhstan were included. Exosomal hsa-miR-125b-5p and hsa-miR-320c levels were quantified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Results revealed a 25.4-fold increase in hsa-miR-125b-5p and a 12.5-fold decrease in hsa-miR-320c in participants exposed to high-radon levels compared to controls. Bioinformatic analysis identified key target genes, such as PRDM1 and IRF4, which are implicated in cancer development. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that exosomal miRNAs could serve as non-invasive biomarkers for radon exposure, offering potential for early diagnosis and monitoring of radon-induced lung cancer. The study underscores the need for further research to validate these miRNAs as reliable diagnostic tools.