Abstract
The study examines the formation of anthropogenic landscapes under the influence of multiple factors, including pollutants, radioactive substances, radiation, noise, and the extraction of natural resources. Society's transformation of natural landscapes into anthropogenic ones has become a global phenomenon, acquiring new characteristics due to scientific and technological advancements in mining, industrial chemistry, and agriculture. The Nura River basin, dominated by the metallurgical complex of Qarmet, serves as a key area for this investigation. This enterprise is the largest mining and metallurgical facility in Kazakhstan, producing a range of materials, including coated metals and raw industrial products. Geochemical analyses were conducted within the Nura River basin to assess the environmental impact of industrial activities. Water and soil samples were collected systematically, and pollutant concentrations were determined using accredited laboratory methods. Data were processed through statistical analysis to identify patterns and causal relationships. The research revealed significant pollution in the Nura River basin, predominantly caused by industrial discharges containing heavy metals and other contaminants. Elevated concentrations of pollutants were linked to the metallurgical activities of Qarmet and other industrial enterprises. The transformation of natural landscapes into anthropogenic ones was found to be closely associated with the intensity of these activities. The study highlights the critical influence of industrial processes on the geochemical composition of landscapes within the Nura River basin. The findings underline the need for improved environmental management, including the modernization of industrial processes and waste treatment systems, to mitigate anthropogenic impacts and ensure sustainable development in the region.