Abstract
The article reveals the theoretical positions that influenced the development of migration processes in the Northern and the Southern capitals of Kazakhstan during 2001-2021. The novelty of the work lies in the comparative analysis of the main causes or factors that influenced migration processes in the both capitals of the country. As part of the mathematical formalization of the social attractiveness of the immigration city, the Social Attractiveness Index has been developed and proposed for use. The main tool of research and analysis was econometric data analysis based on Pooled OLS model using the STATA program. As a result, conclusions were drawn that an important factor immigration to the Northern capital was the geographical factor or the close distance of the city of Karaganda. An important factor immigration to the Southern capital was a relatively high index of attractiveness of social infrastructure or the presence of a more numerous and developed educational infrastructure (schools, universities, colleges and healthcare systems (medical institutions, hospitals).