Abstract
This article examines the content of heavy metals in the soil, the characteristics of surface reservoirs, the level of emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air in urban and rural areas of the Karaganda region. The results of studying the peculiarities of morbidity of the population by classes of diseases living in various microclimatic conditions for 2011-2021 are considered. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant positive reliable links between the level of lead in the soil and diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs and individual disorders involving the immune mechanism (r=0,609 (р=0,028)), the level of copper in the soil and diseases of the genitourinary system (r=0,567 (p=0,049)), diseases of the ear and mastoid process (r=0,633 (p=0,028)); the level of SO₂ in the atmospheric air and diseases of the eyes (r=0,633 (p=0,028)), skin and subcutaneous tissue (r=0,567 (p=0,049)), ear and mastoid process (r=0,633 (p=0,028)); the level of NO₂ in the atmospheric air and diseases of the circulatory system (r=0,567 (p=0,049)), endocrine diseases (r=0,700 (p=0,015)); the level of dust, suspended solids and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (r=0,618 (p=0,033)), infectious and parasitic diseases (r=0,618 (p=0,033)). The highest incidence rates were noted in the cities of Zhezkazgan, Karaganda, Temirtau, Shakhtinsk, Abay and Nurinsky district, Karkaraly district, Abai district of Karaganda region with the harmful effects of potential production factors of industrial enterprises of the mining and metallurgical industry Kazakhmys Corporation LLP, Arcelor Mittal JSC, Balkhash Mining and Metallurgical Combine.