Abstract
Thin films of ABO3 perovskite ferroelectrics are important for many industrial applications, i.e., high-capacity memory cells, catalysis, optical waveguides, and integrated optics. The use of BaTiO3 for these industries and products is due to the variety of its surface structure and, accordingly, its electronic and chemical properties. Calculations of the surface characteristics of BaTiO3 from the first principles are useful for understanding processes that play a crucial role, such as surface reaction chemistry, surface phenomena, and adsorption surfaces. This study examined theoretical calculations related to the relaxed atomic structures of the surface of BaTiO3 (111).