Abstract
This article describes mudflows, a special category of hydrological threats that pose a threat to human life. Factors and types of mudflows are recorded. Mudflow hazard zones in the Abay region, conditions for mudflows, and natural factors contributing to mudflows are listed. It is characterized by the slope of the channel and the fact that, depending on the presence of channel deposits in it, the mass and speed of movement of the mudflow are subject to changes, and the mudflow is divided by the power of impact on the slope and the volume of the transported mass. An example of mudflows that occurred in Kazakhstan is given. Mudflow protection involves predicting the occurrence of mudflows and conducting special events. Therefore, the need for the construction of protective structures used in flood prevention, agroforestry and reclamation measures for special measures to protect against mudflows and special hydraulic structures is outlined. Such structures are designed to contain protected facilities with high mudflow emissions, to divert mudflow away from facilities, as well as to protect the facility from the impact of mudflow.The need to plan the terrain in the mudflow zone, install drains, divert surface and groundwater, carry out forest reclamation works and safety measures in areas with a risk of mudflows are outlined.