Abstract
The work is devoted to the anatomical study of five populations of the forest-forming species Picea schrenkiana, which grows in the Trans Ili Alatau range of Northern Tian Shan Mountains, and three species of the desert tree Haloxylon, which grows in three regions of Kazakhstan. As the study was taken young needles of P. schrenkiana and shoots of Haloxylon species. In this study, anatomical analyses of young needles from five populations of P. schrenkiana and shoots from three Haloxylon species were performed to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive features that could be used to determine the characteristics of these species. In the cross-section of P. schrenkiana needles, all five populations have a rectangular shape, and the tissue types and their location are similar in all populations. Study of the young needles of P. schrenkiana revealed the presence of the epidermis, hypodermis, stomata, mesophyll, resin ducts, endodermis and vascular bundles all of the five populations. The area of the vascular bundles varies from 141.4 ± 1.9 to 182.7 ± 1.4 μm². Comparatively, all indicators were the same, which means that the origins of all five populations are similar to each other. As a result, the anatomical structure of P. schrenkiana needles corresponds to the structure of coniferous plants. In the study of three species of Haloxylon, more precisely Haloxylon aphyllum, Haloxylon persicum, Haloxylon ammodendron, differences were found in the section of each species. This is possible due to the fact that they grow in three different regions and different environmental conditions. And it proves that the environmental conditions of the place where these species grow affects the anatomy and structure of plants.