Abstract
The Study of the impact of pollutants on the aquatic ecosystem for the purpose of biological indication of areas subject to anthropogenic pollution is extremely important for the Caspian sea. The article presents the restriction DNA analysis of fishes (Neogobiusgorlap) and polychaetes (Nereisdiversicolor) from three habitats of the coastal zone of the Caspian sea. Currently, the method of DNA analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), developed in 1985, is widely used to assess genome stability [1]. The sensitivity of PCR makes it possible to successfully analyze even degraded DNA from Museum and archaeological samples. In this paper, we used the RAPD-PCR analysis method. In the total selected sample of 3 biotopes, 4 to 11 fragments were evaluated. Visual analysis of DNA fragments obtained for samples had a very high degree of differences (difference). All selected primers showed a different picture of inter-species differentiation. It is absolutely reliable markers (interbreeding specific DNA fragments) to identify phenotypic interbreeding, studied fishes. The most important primers for the samples were OPA09 and OPA-10. During the analysis of polymerase chain reaction spectra with polymorphic and monomorphic DNA of fish caught in sites with different levels of pollution were found. The specific properties of the DNA spectra of the studied fish and polychaetes were determined. A unique DNA fragment was found in polychaetes from the polluted environment, which can be used as a DNA marker.