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2011
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
The retarded vector potential of an arbitrarily moving uncharged particle is found. The similar vector potentials for charged particles are known as Liénard-Wiechert potentials in the classical electrodynamics. Built directly from the Maxwell's equations, the vector potential describe the complete, relativistically correct, time-varying electromagnetic field for a point particle with a permanent magnetic moment in arbitrary motion.