Abstract
Astronomical observations in Kazakhstan are carried out for over 60 years. The advantage of the geographical location makes it possible to set and conduct programs of stationary ground-based observations, that from the most observatories of other countries are difficult or impossible. However outdated technical condition of scientific equipment, which include ground-based optical telescopes, poses a direct problem to the development of astronomy in Kazakhstan. In addition, observational data in the other spectral bands from space telescopes are needed. Therefore, in order to create a modern experimental astrophysical base today in Kazakhstan two projects are being put forward in the frame of national space program: 1) a new optical telescope with a primary mirror 3.6 meters (completed in 2016), and 2) participation in the international space project "World Space Observatory -Ultraviolet" that to be launched in 2014.