Abstract
The Republic of Kazakhstan, like other nations in the globe that produce grains is currently faced with the challenge of boosting grain production and shelf life. Wheat grain yield and preservation are significantly influenced by different fertilization techniques as well as the soil's moisture level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal method of applying nitrogen mineral fertilizers during the entire growing season in the conditions of dark chestnut soils of the dry steppe zone of the Urals when growing winter wheat crops (the Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya variety). The study was conducted on the territory of the Ural Agricultural Experimental Station in the West Kazakhstan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan during 2019-22. In the experiment consisted of five variants: without the use of fertilizers (control group), root fertilization in spring during wheat regrowth (N30 in the tillering phase), foliar fertilization in the earing phase (N30 in the earing phase), a combination of root and foliar fertilization (N15 in the tillering phase+N15 in the earing phase) and a combination of root and foliar fertilization (N30 in the tillering phase+N30 in the earing phase). The results of the study revealed that the greatest impact on the preservation of plants was provided by fertilization at a dose of N30 in the tillering phase and N30 in the tillering phase+N30 in the earing phase (grain filling), and the highest grain yield was obtained with the fertilization at a dose of N30 in the tillering phase and N30 in the tillering phase+N30 in the earing phase, which provided an increase in yield of 2.2-2.3 q/ha. The authors concluded that the problem of weather conditions could be compensated with the use of the identified effective ways of applying nitrogen mineral fertilizers and the most effective for the specific area fertilizer.