Abstract
The socio-political development of modern Kazakhstan is an extremely important object for research since this country is the leader of the Central Asian region, a certain “trendsetter” in the field of legal relations and social transformations regulation. The purpose of the article is to analyse the current challenges to Kazakhstan's society through the prism of philosophical concepts and to provide suggestions on possible vectors of response to the studied challenges. For this investigation appropriate methods were used. The analysis, synthesis, and dialectological methods as well as metaphysical and axiological methods were used to conduct the study. As a result of referring to the theoretical framework, a total of 40 positions of modern and relevant scientific literature were analysed. It made possible the providing of the necessary theoretical basis for the study. Based on the content analysis of contemporary literature, the current socio-political challenges to Kazakhstan's society were characterised. Possible ways to address the socio-political problems of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the prism of philosophical understanding of modern democratic trends and civil society were explored. The main attention was paid to the study of the realisation of socio-political problems of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the development of democratic institutions (based on the analysis of the basic concepts of A. Tocqueville, R. Putnam, R. Dahl). The conclusions emphasise the important problems of the socio-political development of Kazakhstan (traditionalism, corruption, nepotism, economic challenges, and negative manifestations of digitalisation). It is noted that the modern social policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan should be aimed at reforming and modernising society and its legal consciousness.