Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Maria LC Iurilli, Bin Zhou, James E Bennett, Rodrigo Martin Carrillo-Larco, Marisa K. Sophiea, Andrea Rodriguez‐Martinez, Honor Bixby, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Cristina Taddei, Goodarz Danaei

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Mariachiara Di Cesare, Gretchen A Stevens, Leanne Margaret Riley, Stefan Savin, Melanie J. Cowan, Pascal Bovet, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Adela Chiriță-Emandi, Alison J. Hayes, Nayu Ikeda, Rod T Jackson, Young‐Ho Khang, Avula Laxmaiah, Jing Liu, J. Jaime Miranda, Olfa Saidi, Sylvain Sebert, Maroje Sorić, Gregor Starc, Edward W. Gregg, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad Abdeen, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Hanan F Abdul Rahim, Niveen Abu-Rmeileh, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Benjamín Acosta-Cázares, Robert J. Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Shoaib Afzal, Imelda Angeles‐Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Charles O Agyemang, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Soheir H. Ahmed, Wolfgang Ahrens, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Kamel M. Ajlouni, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Badreya Al‐Lahou, Rajaa Mohammad Al-Raddadi, Monira Alarouj, Fadia S. AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Mohamed M Ali, Abdullah Alkandari, Ala’a Alkerwi, Kristine Højgaard Allin, Mar Álvarez‐Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Deepak Narayan Amarapurkar, Parisa Amiri, Norbert Amougou, Philippe Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lars Henrik Ängquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari‐Moghaddam, Hajer Aounallah Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Raphael Edem Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Thor Aspelund, Felix Kembe Assah, Maria Cecília F Assunção, May Soe Aung, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdičová, Avi Shina, Ana Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi–Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Mehrdad Azmin, Bontha Veerraju Babu, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Azli Baharudin, Suhad Bahijri, Jennifer L. Baker, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Alina S Kerimkulova, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Kairat Davletov, Yousef Saleh Khader, Johanna Marianne Geleijnse, Dirk De Bacquer, Pedro Manuel Marques-Vidal, Abla Mehio Sibai, Nuno Lunet, Khem Bahadur Karki, Nahla Chawkat Hwalla, Ian Richard Hambleton, André Pascal Kengne, Aya Mostafa, Alberto Barceló, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Roman Topór-Mądry, Ana Isabel Rito, Marta Buoncristiano, Anna Fijałkowska, Jolanda Hyska, Sanja Musić Milanović, João Breda, Farshad Farzadfar, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, Amina Barkat, Anwar M Batieha, Batyrbek Assembekov, Louise Alison Baur, Belavendra Antonisamy, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet Rodríguez, Salim Berkinbayev, Lela Shengelia, Paola Nardone, Stevo R Popovic, Alexandra Cucu, Lăcrămioara Aurelia Brîndușe, Enrique Gutiérrez‐González, Maria N. Hassapidou, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Päivi Mäki, Jordi Sunyer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Jean Claude Mbanya, Hyeon Chang Kim, Alisha N. Wade, Augusto Filippo Di Castelnuovo, Licia Iacoviello, Günther Fink, Michele Monroy-Valle, Malay Kanti Mridha, Angélica María Ochoa Avilés, Christina Howitt, Cyrus C. Cooper, Michael Knoflach

eLife, 2021

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.7554/elife.60060
Data confidence 85 high
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Abstract

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.