Abstract
Abstract Cotton growing is the most important industry that determines the strategic security of the country. Scientists of the "Agricultural and Melon Industry" LLP consider their genetic collection to be unique, since the cotton plants collected in it have the widest range of economically valuable qualities. There are groups of cotton with different types of branching, with different heights of the main stem and shape of the leaf, with different types of seed pads, with capsules of various shapes and sizes, with different resistance to pests and diseases. It is important that the collection "works" for practice. Its use in the breeding process made it possible for the first time in world practice to create and regionalize new high-yielding medium-fiber varieties of cotton with a short growing season Pakhtaaral-3031, Pakhtaaral-3044, Maktaaral-4005, BTM-4047, Atakent-2010, Bereke-07, Maktaaral-4007, Maktaaral-4011, Myrzashol-80, Maktaaral-4017, Maktaaral-5027. The use of the collection in further scientific work opens up great opportunities for creating new varieties and lines of the most important crop, which is cotton. Research on the cotton gene pool is currently being carried out in the direction of maintaining their viability. The effective use of the cotton gene pool depends on the scale and depth of assessment of its quality, with the strategic objectives of cotton growing and the level of organization and efficiency of the breeding process. The cotton varieties that occupy the area were bred on the basis of hybridization of varieties and subspecies of Y. Hirsutum L., which unites their potential for resistance to abiotic stress factors.