Abstract
The paper clarifies neurocomputer and neurocomputer architecture term definitions. The choice of spiking neural network as neurocomputer operating unit is substantiated. The spiking neurocomputer organization principles are formulated by analyzing and generalization of the current level of knowledge on neurocomputer architecture (based on analogy with the well-known von Neumann digital computer organization principles). Analytical overview of current projects on spiking neural networks hardware implementation is conducted. Their major disadvantages are highlighted. Optoelectronic hardware implementation of spiking neural network is proposed as such that is free of mentioned disadvantages due to usage of optical signals for communication between neurons, as well as organization of learning through hardware. The main technical parameters of the proposed spiking neural network are estimated.