Abstract
In this article extremely understudied problem—the development of educational content is considered. Studying of this problem at the present stage, according to the authors, creates conditions for the development and realization of basic methodological guidelines, provides the scientific worldview, allows to trace the genesis of pedagogical positions, pedagogical theories. Combining the two approaches in a single article the authors attempted to determine that the civilizational and cultural approaches have common characteristics. Civilization is a general evaluation of the social culture of life that allows you to “quite organically carry civilizational approach to the field of the world educational process, in the center of which man stands, who is educated and teaches, who develops culture created by previous generations, and transforming himself and the culture in the course of this development”. Civilizational and cultural approaches provide a fundamental rethinking of the role and importance of the education system of Kazakhstan. Opinions of different authors of different historical are reviewed and compared. Such terms as “world civilizations”, “civilization”, and “culture” are disclosed. Each term has a special meaning, character, manifested in different aspects science. Also the essential characteristic of the basic concepts and positions of pedagogy are considered.