Digital competence of pre-service teachers in the 21st century: levels, challenges, and developmental pathways

2026

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DOI 10.3389/feduc.2026.1744387
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

This paper examines the level of digital competence and the attitudes of pre-service teachers in Kazakhstan toward the use of digital technologies. Since digital competence is a crucial element in the modernization of education, it is essential to develop these skills among future teachers to ensure the effective integration of digital tools into their teaching practice. The empirical study employed two research Methods: the DigCompEdu Framework Test, which assessed the digital competence level of pre-service teachers, and a survey designed to explore their attitudes toward digital competence. The test results indicated that although nearly half of the participants demonstrated an average level of digital competence, there remains a clear need for targeted measures to enhance these skills within teacher education programs. The survey findings revealed that participants particularly lack proficiency in using video and audio editors, as well as in digital security and multimedia creation. The authors concluded that pre-service teachers were better equipped to teach in the context of digital transformation if teacher education programs promote a supportive digital environment, provide methodological guidance, and cultivate a culture of continuous professional development.