Abstract
This article investigates contemporary methodologies for data extraction from malfunctioning mobile devices, hard disk drives (HDDs), and solid-state drives (SSDs), with particular attention to the physical integrity of storage components. In the context of increasing digitalization, the ability to recover data from compromised storage media is of critical importance to forensic science, corporate information security, and broader data protection efforts. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of current data extraction techniques employed for mobile devices, encompassing both software-based and hardware-assisted approaches. Among the hardware techniques examined are JTAG, SPI, UFI Box, and the “Chip-off” method. The research emphasizes the significance of low-level data access, as conventional logical extraction methods often fail to retrieve deleted or concealed information. With regard to HDDs, the article categorizes potential failures into logical and physical domains. It explores recovery mechanisms ranging from the evaluation of disk health and SMART attribute analysis to the application of specialized software tools (e.g., PC-3000, R-Studio) and hardware-level interventions such as magnetic head assembly (HSA) replacement and file system reconstruction.