Abstract
Abstract The article presents a comprehensive review and experimental analysis of the development of unmanned systems designed for electronic reconnaissance (REI) tasks. It combines a global assessment of technological trends, engineering solutions, and patent activity in the field of UAV-based radio intelligence platforms with the results of a practical implementation of a prototype SDR-based measurement system. The study outlines structural architectures, modular payload configurations, autonomous navigation strategies, and the integration of artificial intelligence in signal detection and direction-finding. Particular attention is given to approaches for enhancing situational awareness through adaptive signal processing and GNSS-independent navigation. The experimental part demonstrates the design, calibration, and field testing of a multi-antenna SDR system for real-time direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Comparative analysis confirms the system’s accuracy and viability, highlighting the feasibility of compact, low-cost radio intelligence solutions. The paper concludes with recommendations for further R&D in autonomous REI systems, emphasizing AI integration, modular design, and resilience to electronic countermeasures.