Abstract
In the context of digital transformation, gambling is becoming increasingly accessible, and gambling addiction is posing a serious threat to public health. The aim of this study is to identify factors contributing to the development of behavioural addiction to gambling, with a focus on online gambling and digital engagement mechanisms. Based on a comparative analysis of data from 13 countries, key variables were examined: the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), level of digital engagement, slot machine density, gambling expenditure, and availability of self-regulation mechanisms. Correlation and cluster analysis methods were used to identify patterns and typologies of countries by risk level. The results showed a high positive correlation between the PGSI level and the digital accessibility of gambling, as well as a significant impact of the lack of self-control tools. The cluster analysis identified three stable groups of countries: those with high, moderate and low risk levels. Data visualisation confirms the differences in national strategies: from liberal models with minimal intervention to strict state regulation. The article offers recommendations for digital policy in the gambling sector: implementation of mandatory self-exclusion mechanisms, advertising restrictions, the development of digital player identification, and international cooperation to combat illegal operators. The data presented can serve as a basis for the formation of evidence-based digital policy in the field of gambling addiction prevention.