Abstract
Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common disease worldwide, known for its high mortality and disability rates. Due to significant population and ethnic differences, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for the development of ICH in the Kazakh population. Materials and Methods: The case–control study included 162 patients with verified ICH and 165 people in the control group. To assess the risk of developing ICH, medical and social risk factors, as well as genetic risk factors (polymorphisms in the COL4A2 gene: rs9521732, rs9521733, rs9515199), were studied. Results: The study revealed a statistically significant effect of the following medical, social, and genetic factors on the risk of ICH in the main ethnic population of Kazakhstan: diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption, and the rs9515199 polymorphism. Specifically, under the co-dominant model, the C/T and C/C genotypes were significant; under the dominant model, the C/T-C/C genotype combination was significant; and under the recessive model, the C/C homozygote was significant. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the rs9515199 polymorphism in the COL4A2 gene significantly decreases the risk of ICH in the Kazakh population, which contrasts with findings in other populations. Further research is needed to confirm these results and explore their practical applications.