Abstract
This article explores the consumption trends of vanadium and molybdenum across various industrial sectors, highlighting their strategic importance and the growing demand for a sustainable supply of raw materials. It analyses the sources of these elements of both natural and technogenic origin, including metallurgical slags, ashes, spent catalysts, and other industrial waste products. Particular attention is given to the environmental risks associated with the accumulation of vanadium and molybdenum compounds, which can have toxic effects on the environment. The study emphasises the need to incorporate secondary resources into industrial circulation to ensure the rational use of the mineral resource base and improve the efficiency of metal extraction from primary raw materials. A review is provided of existing chemical and hydrometallurgical methods for extracting vanadium and molybdenum, taking into account the composition of the processed material, technological conditions, and the limitations of specific approaches. The article underscores the potential of integrated waste processing, which enables the recovery of multiple valuable components and supports the transition to a circular economy.