Abstract
This article aims to examine the challenges in the development of deceased organ donation and assess the current state of transplantation practices in Central Asian countries. A comprehensive literature review was carried out, expert opinions were gathered, and the websites of the Ministries of Health in Central Asian countries were analyzed. The current state of deceased organ donation and transplantation activities, in general, showed a heterogeneous appearance in the Central Asian countries. Our findings showed that organ transplantation, especially deceased organ donation, is still in the early stages of development. Several key factors contributing to the weak or, in some countries, complete absence of deceased organ donation were identified. The ambiguous role of religion, especially the concept of Tengrism, on the successful development of deceased donation was revealed. Additionally, significant improvements are needed in the legislative framework, public awareness, societal attitudes towards donation, infrastructure, and the provision of necessary education and equipment to support the development of transplantation in these countries. The development of deceased organ donation in Central Asian countries is heavily influenced by the country's economic development, government support, and the understanding and awareness of both the public and healthcare professionals regarding deceased organ donation and its benefits for individuals in need of transplants.