Abstract
Introduction. Designing and constructing highways in difficult soil conditions is a significant engineering objective that requires a comprehensive approach. Traditional design and construction methods may not be effective in unstable or heterogeneous soils, such as subsidence soils. This article discusses key aspects of highway design in complex soil conditions, including geotechnical analysis methods, material selection and application, and soil reinforcement techniques. Materials and methods. Plate load tests and static pile tests of soils have provided a detailed assessment of soils’ mechanical characteristics and bearing capacity in the project area. These tests provide accurate data on the resistance coefficient and deformation properties, facilitating the adjustment of design solutions and selecting optimal strengthening and stabilization methods. Results. The test results showed that the soil-bearing capacity of the pile is sufficient to support the maximum indentation design load. The authors also discuss a modern stabilization method, such as the use of geosynthetics, which was applied in the study and improves the bearing capacity and durability of the roadway. Conclusions. An analysis of successful case studies of projects in difficult soil conditions highlights effective strategies and methods that can be adapted for different geological conditions. The results of the study emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the application of modern technologies to ensure the stability and reliability of roadways in difficult soil conditions.