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2025
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
. In the consistency and stability tests, the sensor showed a low relative standard deviation (RSD = 1.3%) and only a 7% drop in response current over 30 days, demonstrating its long-term stability. In the ion interference test, common water ions had little effect on the sensor's detection performance, demonstrating good resistance to interference. The sensor can be applied to the real-time detection of phosphate in groundwater.