Abstract
In this article, data encryption is essential to protect confidential information in the digital world. Over time, encryption methods have evolved to eliminate emerging security threats. This article discusses modern encryption methods with a focus on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), homomorphic encryption, and quantum cryptography. It examines the applications, security implications, and future prospects of these methods, and highlights their role in modern cybersecurity systems. The study also explores the impact of quantum computing on traditional encryption methods and evaluates post-quantum cryptography, which aims to protect data from threats using quantum technologies. Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each method, this article provides a comprehensive overview of encryption technologies and their relevance in an era of rapid technological progress. The purpose of the article is to provide an idea of how encryption can continue to ensure data security in the face of growing cyber threats, especially in connection with the development of quantum computing.