Assessing Happiness in Central Asian Countries: Comparative Analysis and Key Determinants

Aishat Omarova, G. A. Kenzhakimova

2025

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DOI 10.30965/22142290-bja10057
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Abstract The measurement of happiness is a significant social and cultural phenomenon that encompasses various aspects of societal reality, each holding value for individuals and society as a whole. This study aims to analyze the happiness index and its social measurement mechanisms through a comparative analysis of Central Asian countries, specifically Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. The theoretical foundations highlight the contributions of Dutch sociologist Ruut Veenhoven, who posits that the happiness index, along with well-being and healthcare levels, is a critical measure of societal comfort. Our research employs global happiness indicators such as the World Happiness Report, the World Values Survey, the Better Life Index, and the Quality-of-Life Index, which incorporate parameters like GDP per capita, social support, life expectancy, corruption perception, generosity, freedom of choice, and subjective well-being. Through a correlation analysis of happiness indices from 2017 to 2021, we examine the impact of macro-social conditions and national and cultural characteristics on happiness in Central Asian countries. Findings indicate that Kazakhstan, with its relatively high GDP per capita, faces challenges from higher perceived corruption and lower democracy scores. Conversely, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, despite lower GDP per capita, exhibit higher overall happiness due to stronger social cohesion and lower perceived corruption. The study also identifies shortcomings in current happiness measurement methodologies, such as the failure to capture issues reflected in specific sub-indices and the reliance on arithmetic averages that overlook disparities in benefit distribution. To improve their standings and ensure sustainable progress, Central Asian countries should enhance environmental policies and develop a knowledge-based economy. Future research should refine measurement methodologies to better capture the multidimensional nature of happiness, providing a fuller picture of well-being and informing more effective policy strategies.