Abstract
Dialkyl fumarate polymers possess unique structures and outstanding properties such as the ability to modify the crystallization behavior of nparaffins, high thermal stability, chain rigidity, biocompatibility, and the ability of molecules to aggregate into a nematic liquid crystal-like structure. Fumarate homopolymers and copolymers have been widely studied and used in numerous fields. Herein, we critically present the structure–performance relationship and applications of polymers containing fumarate units. First, the fundamentals of synthesis and structure are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the properties of alkyl fumarate polymers are carefully discussed, focusing on the structure–performance relationship for their use as pour point depressants. Moreover, other properties and prospective applications in the electrical, industrial, and bioengineering fields are described. Finally, a brief review and summary of prospective novel methods for fumarate polymer synthesis are provided. This review presents instructions for molecular design and novel concepts for the future development of alkyl fumarate polymers.