Analysis of the sensitization spectrum in patients with severe allergic diseases using the ImmunoCAP ISAC method

Daria S. Fomina, Лебедкина Марина Сергеевна, Ekaterina A. Nikitina, Alexander D. Dushkin, Anton A. Chernov, Yulia D. Yukhnovskaya, Maryana A. Lysenko, Alexander Viktorovich Karaulov

2024

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DOI 10.36691/rja15994
Data confidence 85 high
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: An important advance in modern allergology has been made by the introduction of allergenic molecules/components, including their detection by the ImmunoCAP ISAC method. This method is useful in patients with a complex spectrum of sensitization and severe forms of allergic diseases, where various predictors of severe course are actively searched for. AIM: To evaluate the informativeness of component resolved diagnostic by ISAC ImmunoCAP method in patients with severe bronchial asthma and severe atopic dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective study was conducted from January to August 2023. 100 patients who were candidates for biologicals for severe bronchial asthma (group 1; 63 patients), severe atopic dermatitis (group 2; 20 patients), or their combination (group 3; 17 patients) were included. Component restlved diagnostic was performed by ImmunoCAP ISAC method. RESULTS: Polysensitization and high occurrence of food and fungal allergens were more frequently detected in the groups of patients with severe atopic dermatitis. When analyzing the pollen sensitization spectrum in groups 2 and 3, Bet v 1 and PR-10 family cross-linked molecules (Mal d 1, Pru p 1, Ara h 8, Gly m 4, Cor a 1.04), as well as Ole e 9, Cyn d 1, Ph p 1 and Par j 2 were the most common. Epidermal allergens were common in all three groups. Lipocains (Can f 1, Can f 4, Can f 6, Ecu q 1, Mus m 1), kallikreins (Can f 5), and albumin (Fel d 2) dominated among them. The presence of sensitization to household allergens was detected only in group 2 and only to the molecule Der p 23. Among fungal allergens, the allergen Asp f 6 was predominant in the groups with severe atopic dermatitis, and the component Alt a 1 in patients with severe bronchial asthma. Among food allergens, one of the most common allergens was the molecule Gad c 1, Gal d 1, Gal d 2, Gal d 5 and Bos d 6. CONCLUSION: Component resolved diagnostic is an accurate assay suitable for determining the spectrum of sensitization in patients; its result can serve as a distinct biomarker for severe allergic diseases.