Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a vital tuberous crop consumed around the globe following rice, wheat, and maize. The biotic factors, such as fungi, viruses, bacteria, and viroid infections, significantly impact the potato plant's metabolism, altering its physiological, biochemical, and intermolecular reactions to these stress factors. To investigate the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) in the oxidative stress of potato plants and assess their resistance levels to viral infections, callus culture is often employed as a primary model. This study examines the activity profiles of AOEs, specifically peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in two entities – potato callus tissue and native plants – under potato virus X (PVX) virus infection conditions. The research results demonstrate distinct AOE profiles in callus tissues and leaves of infected potato plants. The POD activity in callus tissue is over 50% higher on the 3 dpi compared to plant leaves. The dynamics of increased AOE activity follow a pattern, peaking on the 3 dpi and declining by the 7 dpi. CAT activity remains consistent until the 7 dpi across all five studied varieties. SOD activity as the primary enzyme in hydrogen peroxide deactivation, increases by 16-42% post infection. The AOE activity exhibits a consistent pattern during PVX virus infection in callus and leaf tissues, with the preinfection activity level being over 100 units/gram dry weight lower in callus tissue than in leaf tissue. Moreover, the nature of increased activity differs between the two entities.