Abstract
The twentieth century turned out to be the most eventful for the history of archiving, and for the history of Kazakhstan as a whole. This has profoundly affected all aspects of the state, political, social, economic and cultural life. Wars, revolutions, changes in the political system, the restoration and collapse of the USSR - this is how the twentieth century began and ended. This article is an attempt to understand the course and certain feature of the long-term archival process in Kazakhstan. The entire history of archives of the Soviet period is closely intertwined with the history of the political system of the state. The history of archives is related to the monopoly rule of one-party ideology, with administrative pressure in the spiritual sphere of man, including pressure over archives. A new milestone in the development of archiving took place after the collapse of the USSR, so the archive system became independent. Independent Kazakhstan has carried out a number of reforms to democratize archival activities. As a result of these changes, a new archive management system was formed. Archives become part of the country’s cultural heritage. The article focuses on identifying the leading trends in the formation of archives and key problems in the domestic archival science. Less attention is paid to the history of individual archives, since in general this is fully reflected in monographs, textbooks and numerous articles of Kazakhstani authors.