Abstract
The article analyzes information on the degree and nature of soil pollution of agricultural land with heavy metals near the territory of metallurgical enterprises. It is proposed to use the soil buffering scale to characterize the soil quality in relation to heavy metals. Based on the calculations, a soil map was constructed with a gradation of the degree of soil pollution depending on the degree of remoteness from the epicenter of pollution. It was shown that the mass of carbon in the soil and the values of cation exchange correlate with the degree of retention of carbon and heavy metals in the soil. In the studied soils of East Kazakhstan, the mass of carbon varies from 1.4 to 2.7 g and the values of cation exchange range from 16.0 to 40.8%. Based on the considered soil factors - soil buffering capacity, carbon content and cation exchange capacity, it was revealed that the most susceptible to heavy metals were leached powerful low-humus chernozems. It was found that by spraying soybeans with fullerenol, an effective process of soil phytoremediation is ensured.