Social conditions of Kazakhstan in the development of education in the late XIX – beginning of XX centuries

Y.T. Bekish, Azat G. Mukhametshin, Э.А. Сардарова, Makhambetzhan Koishibaev, Gulmira Biltekenova

2021

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DOI 10.15862/59pdmn221
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

This article examines the social conditions of Kazakhstan in the development of education in the late XIX – early XX centuries. During this period, the social, economic, cultural prerequisites for the development of public education are distinguished. Socio-political conditions determined the tendencies in the development of education in the Kazakh steppe: the desire to preserve the national-historical heritage of the culture, language and literature of the Kazakh people, the formation of national identity and the desire for a universal beginning in education, expressed in the study of Russian culture, history, language as a means of familiarization to world civilization. The authors took into account the socio-political conditions at the basis of schools and pedagogy for teaching children in the Kazakh steppe. The turning point in the social progress of the Kazakh people was prepared by the most important political events in his life, which influenced the formation of education in Kazakhstan. The authors also deduced some historical data of the education system of the Kazakh people during the period of completion of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia. Historical facts reveal social conditions, origins and features of the formation and transition to the system of public education. Public education at that time tried to secure the future of the people through education. The general elimination of illiteracy was based on the creation of a network of educational and training organizations, radical transformations of the system and structure of school institutions. The created educational system was intended for the entire population of Kazakhstan without restrictions on gender, age status, nationality. In order to effectively implement the new educational program, active work was going on to create new textbooks and train qualified teaching staff. As a result, in the sphere of public education there have been certain shifts towards the increase of schools and other educational institutions, the elimination of illiteracy in Kazakhstan.