Identification of spring wheat genotypes by glutenin and gliadin subunit composition within the Kazakhstan-Siberia network of nurseries

А. И. Абугалиева, Alexey I. Morgounov, Rodolfo Peña, N. B. Volkovinskaya, Timur Savin

2016

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DOI 10.1134/s2079059716010020
Data confidence 85 high
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Abstract

The Kazakhstan-Siberia nursery (KASIB) for the spring wheat improvement under the aegis of the CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) has been identified for a ten-year period by five cultivar blocks analyzed for the gliadin composition (1B/1R traslocation), compositions of high-molecular weight (HMW) and low-molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunits, and the grain hardness class. A composition of HMW glutenin subunits is presented according to the Union for Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) regulations for characteristics 27, 28, and 29 of the system for testing the uniformity, distinctness, and stability of 188 uniform specimens. Most spring wheat varieties are characterized by the formulas “2* 7 + 9 5 + 10” (up to 40% of all uniform varieties), “2* 7 + 9 2 + 12” (up to 30% of all uniform varieties), and “1 7 + 95 + 10” (up to 8% of specimens). In the Kazakhstan gene pool of varieties, the genotypes with the novel 4 + 10 subunit on the 1D chromosome has been detected in the Erythrospermum 55/94-01-20 and Phyton 41 specimens. The Iridost cultivar is identified as a carrier of the comparatively rare 5.5 + 10 allele on the 1D chromosome, which has been previously detected in the Tselinogradka, Tselinnaya 24, and Akmola 3 varieties. A rare 7* + 8 subunit is typical for the E-607 and E-757 genotypes. The specimen uniformity level is the highest in 3 KASIB components (8, 9; 10–11; and 12, 13) and comprises 74–84%. The wheat-rye 1 BL.1RS translocation is predominantly identified in specimens selected at the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (SibNIISKhOZ) and the East-Kazakhstan Research Institute of Agriculture (VKNIISKh) and found at each KASIB block; it is indicated in all specimens presented by the Kurgansemena Close Corporation and the Agrosemconsult, LLP, as well as selected at the Fiton, LLP. Cultivars such as Altaiskaya 105, Kurganskaya 5, Lutecsence 1300, Phyton 42, Lutecsence 53/95-98-1, Lutecsence 53/88-94-12, Lutecsence 54, Lutecsence 30–94, Erythrospermum 607, and Aktobe 1574 have been characterized by a wide range of variation in grain hardness from semisoft to hard under different growth conditions.