Abstract
The article describes the patterns of distribution of saline and swampy soils across the soil and climatic zones of Kazakhstan, describes the features of salt accumulation processes depending on geological development and identifies soil-halogeochemical provinces. Reclamation measures for their development are recommended. The most effective method of reclamation of hydromorphic meadow solonchaks of the chloride-sulfate type of salinization is leaching against the background of open deep horizontal drainage. Leaching of meadow solonchaks of the foothill plain of the Ili Alatau with a water norm of 5000 m3/ha provides desalination of the soil and soil thickness with a capacity of 0-80 cm. During soda salinization of solonetzic meadow-chestnut soils, the application of 2.1 and 4.2 t/ha of 1% sulfuric acid solution ensures the transformation of the ionic composition of the pore solution from soda to sulfate, which is subsequently removed by leaching. On swampy (waterlogged) soils, the most rational is the creation of highly productive meadow agrocenoses and the preservation of meadow biocenoses.