Abstract
It is fundamental truth that breast milk is the best food for a newborn, providing it with energy, high-quality nutrients, as well as a large variety of biologically active components necessary for adequate physical and psychomotor development. Acting either as part of complex biological structures or separately, the breast milk components, including personalized microbial and immune, regulate morphogenesis at the molecular and cellular level, determine the metabolism nature, guide the development of mucosal immunity in the child’s body. It is impossible to identify any component of breast milk as the main component that determines its functional activity and provides the benefits of natural feeding. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of prebiotics in breast milk and infant formula for the formation and maintenance of a healthy baby intestinal microbiota, which is a key element in the formation of normal digestion, a functionally sound immune system and metabolism.