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2012
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
The quality of continuous-cast billet is considered. Means of improving billet solidification are developed, with the pulsed injection of inert gas into the metal in the mold and shear-enhanced mild compression of the billet in the secondary-cooling zone of the continuous-casting machine. These measures are found to shrink the columnar-crystal zone and reduce the central porosity.