Abstract
under the tested competitive aqueous conditions, with MOF@HH showing the most favorable U(vi) selectivity among the investigated composites. Reusability tests showed that MOF@HH retained approximately 75% of its sorption capacity after five regeneration cycles, supporting its reusability under the tested conditions. Overall, the results suggest that reduction-controlled Ag nanoparticle formation affects site accessibility, pore/interfacial structure, and U(vi) adsorption performance. Among the investigated systems, MOF@HH emerged as the most favorable sample considering its high U(vi) uptake, faster equilibrium compared with MOF@SBH, and preferential U(vi) selectivity under the tested conditions. This study therefore provides insight into Ag nanoparticle incorporation as a complementary modification strategy for MOF-based radionuclide sorbents, provided that Ag loading, dispersion, and pore accessibility are properly controlled.