Abstract
The study explores various fiber-optic sensing approaches, focusing on their application, implementation, and performance assessment for monitoring the structural health of concrete frameworks. It emphasizes the use of single-mode optical fibers due to their effectiveness in detecting microcracks, deformations, and temperature shifts in reinforced concrete. The investigation involved analyzing changes in optical characteristics through tests utilizing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded within concrete specimens exposed to mechanical loads and temperature fluctuations. Both graphical and quantitative analyses demonstrate that fiber-optic sensors enable real-time monitoring of stress and strain in concrete with high microstrain-level accuracy. Simulation work conducted using MATLAB confirmed the sensors’ responsiveness and long-term stability, particularly in detecting structural changes resulting from thermal effects and mechanical stress. Additionally, the thermal behavior of the sensors was examined using laser-based measurement systems in conjunction with Peltier modules. The research contributes to the advancement of intelligent SHM systems, aiming to enhance the durability and safety of civil infrastructure, especially in seismically active regions.