Abstract
The depletion of high-grade copper ore reserves in Kazakhstan, coupled with the increasing proportion of refractory ores and the high costs of extraction and processing, necessitates the development of efficient and economically viable technological solutions. In this context, biogeotechnology has gained considerable attention. Recently, alternative approaches based on the use of natural organic compounds—so-called bioreagents—have been introduced into the field of bioleaching. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of amino acids, aliphatic alcohols, and alcohol-based industrial by-products, used as bioadditives, on the bioleaching of copper. The results demonstrated that the influence of amino acids on copper bioleaching decreased in the following order: glycine > leucine > cysteine > histidine > asparagine. Furthermore, the addition of fusel oils, a mixture of aliphatic alcohols, to the bioleaching pulp enhanced copper recovery, achieving extraction efficiencies exceeding 90%.