Abstract
In Kazakhstan, the importance of the issue of income growth is noted in strategic documents and government programs, and in particular in the Program for Increasing Incomes until 2029, which identifies priority areas for improving the quality of life and well-being of the country’s population. The article analyzes the content and income level of rural households, their transformation in a market economy, and social stratification in comparison with urban households. The social differentiation of the population by income level has increased and their real content has decreased. The study uses empirical methods to use statistical data and a comprehensive analysis (comparative and statistical approach) to assess key factors affecting rural income levels. Household incomes in rural areas of the Turkestan region are heavily dependent on agriculture, remittances, and government support programs. The region is facing serious challenges such as climate change, water scarcity and limited modern technology, but there are also great opportunities for development through sustainable farming practices, improved infrastructure and rural diversification. Addressing income inequality and increasing economic sustainability are key factors in improving the standard of living of rural households in the region. The analysis presented in the work highlights key problem areas and underscores the necessity of enhancing social policy and economic development in specific regions. Such data can help shape programs and measures to reduce the income gap between regions and ensure a more even development of the country.