Abstract
Real-time monitoring of structural deformation in space infrastructure is a critical factor in ensuring mission reliability and structural integrity. FBG sensors represent an effective solution due to their advantages, such as high sensitivity, low weight, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and multiplexing capability. This review article examines the scientific foundations of using FBG sensors in space environments to accurately monitor structural deformation under conditions including high temperature, radiation, vacuum, and micrometeoroid impacts. Additionally, it analyzes modern research focused on methods of integrating FBG sensors into small spacecraft structures, interrogation techniques, sensor network architectures, and their ability to operate in real time.