Abstract
Rational land use and sustainable agriculture are crucial due to population growth and climate change.Crop rotation, with scientific approaches, maintains soil productivity and crop sustainability.The purpose of the study is to compare the production potential of different wheat cropping systems, including continuous spring wheat cropping and grainfallow crop rotations.The research included a control variant with spring wheat sown without changing the predecessor and variants of grain and steam crop rotations with different numbers of fields.Plant productivity indicators were evaluated -the number of productive stems per 1 m 2 , weight of 1000 grains, and yield.All experiments were repeated 3 times for each variant.In the process, field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2022 at the territory of LLP "North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station" in the steppe zone of the North Kazakhstan Region, Akkayin district.It was found that spring soft wheat monoculture has a grain yield per 1 ha higher by 4 metric centners compared to two-field crop rotation.However, three-field and four-field crop rotations showed even higher grain yield, exceeding monoculture by 5.6 metric centners and 4 metric centners, respectively.The profitability of monoculture is 22%, which is 17.4% lower than the two-field crop rotation.The profitability of three-field and fourfield crop rotations exceeds monoculture by 99.7% and 55.5%, respectively.The fourfield crop rotation reaches a maximum profit of 167.3 USD/ha, and a minimum profit of USD 39.3 is established with wheat monoculture.Thus, the use of three-field and fourfield grain-fallow crop rotations can significantly increase the profitability of wheat cultivation.These crop rotations provide a higher yield of grain from 1 ha of crop rotation area and have higher profitability.