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2023
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
The introduction of the concept of smart cities leads to a change in the roles of the main participants, reforming the planning system of urban policies. The paper analyzes the structural changes in roles in three perspectives: the perception of citizens (in), the citizens themselves (of), produced by citizens (by). Analysis from each perspective makes it possible to formulate more effective policies for applying technological solutions for cities and residents.