Abstract
Lack of adherence to recommended therapy will reduce its effectiveness and can subsequently lead to disease progression, disabilities or even death. A vast number of research studies have emphasized the magnitude of medication nonadherence and its effect on treatment outcomes, patient’s health, healthcare providers and the associated costs; medication nonadherence remains a major concern that is believed to be widely practiced amongst medication taking patients. The current systemic review aims to cohere the available evidence regarding medication nonadherence rate, practices, and potential affecting factors and predictors. A search through different databases was conducted, including PubMed, Medline, and CINHAL for recently published research articles, within five years. The terms used for the search include medication nonadherence, medication nonadherence, factors affecting medication nonadherence and predictors of medication nonadherence. The search was limited to human subjects, English language journal articles and exclusion of review articles, case studies, and data from clinical trials as patient adherence is closely observed. The search resulted in 667 articles and only 65 articles were included and further screened. However, according to our exclusion criteria, 15 articles only were included in this review. The three most reported practices of medication nonadherence are prescription abandonment, nonconforming, and non-persistence. There are five reported factors that may lead to nonadherence practices such as socioeconomic-related factors, healthcare system-related factors, patient-related factors, disease-related factors, and therapy-related factors. In conclusion, medication nonadherence practice is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that requires a multi-targeted solution.