Abstract
Abstract Background This study presents a comprehensive analysis of antibiotic consumption in a dispensary hospital in Aktobe, Kazakhstan, from 2019 to 2021, utilizing the World Health Organization's (WHO) "Access, Watch, and Reserve" (AWaRe) classification. Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess the patterns of antibiotic use in the hospital and to determine the extent to which the AWaRe classification could be effectively implemented in Kazakhstan to guide optimal antibiotic use and establish performance targets. Methods The study analyzed data on the consumption of systemic antibacterial drugs in the dispensary hospital from 2019 to 2021. The usage of antibiotics was classified according to the WHO's AWaRe classification, which categorizes antibiotics into three groups: "Access," "Watch," and "Reserve." Results The study revealed a concerning trend in the irrational consumption of systemic antibiotics. There was a notable decrease in the use of "Access" antibiotics from 39.13% in 2019 to 22% in 2021, which is contrary to WHO recommendations. Conversely, the use of "Watch" antibiotics increased, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most commonly used antibiotics were cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems. Conclusion The findings underscore the urgent need for implementing the AWaRe classification database in Kazakhstan to guide optimal antibiotic use, set performance targets, and establish a working group to monitor and control the prescription and use of antibacterial drugs. This study contributes to the global understanding of antibiotic consumption patterns and the challenges faced in adhering to international guidelines, particularly in the context of a pandemic.