Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Management of Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Children: A Review of Cases

Zere Aidynbek, Erken Kakenov, Olga Mironova, Karlygash Ydyrysheva, Tatyana A. Li, Vitaliy Sazonov

2025

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.3390/jcm14082771
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncologic emergency that occurs in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy. Severe complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI), and cardiogenic shock, may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods: This paper is a nonsystematic review of cases that synthesizes available case reports to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of ECMO in pediatric TLS. Results: A systematic search identified five cases in which ECMO was used with a mean duration of 14 days. Survival rates were favorable and ECMO played a critical role in bridging these patients through multi-organ failure. Conclusions: While ECMO is a viable rescue therapy for severe TLS, associated complications, such as infections, bleeding, and neurological impairment, warrant careful patient selection and management. Future studies should explore standardized guidelines for the use of ECMO in pediatric oncology patients.